Melanotan II vs afamelanotide (NDP-MSH, Melanotan I): a cyclic heptapeptide and a linear 13-mer built from α-MSH. Structure, receptor selectivity, status and identity testing,…
Kisspeptin vs GnRH: one peptide drives the GnRH neuron, the other drives the pituitary. Receptors, pulsatility, desensitisation and the genetic evidence, with PubMed sources.…
Semaglutide vs liraglutide: how DPP-4 cleavage, fatty-acid acylation and albumin binding shaped two GLP-1 analogues, with PubMed sources. Research use only.
Ipamorelin, GHRP-2 and GHRP-6 all act on the ghrelin receptor (GHS-R1a). How their structures, selectivity and animal pharmacokinetics differ, with PubMed sources. Research use…
IGF-1 vs IGF-1 LR3 compared: sequence, IGF-binding proteins, receptor binding and rat clearance data, with PubMed sources. Research use only; SPO sells native IGF-1,…
What endotoxin (LPS) is, how it confounds cell and animal research, how LAL gel-clot, turbidimetric, chromogenic and rFC tests work, and what a peptide…
How tesamorelin, sermorelin and CJC-1295 each modify native GHRH to resist DPP-4 cleavage, with a sourced comparison table and neutral regulatory history. Research use…
Sixty short, sourced definitions for reading peptide COAs, synthesis papers and receptor studies, from acetate salt and aspartimide to triple agonist.
NAD+, NMN and NR compared for research: the salvage pathway, extracellular breakdown by CD38 and CD73, the disputed Slc12a8 NMN transporter, rodent data, human…
How Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis works step by step, where deletion, insertion, racemization and counterion impurities come from, and what that means for reading…
